When I do this demonstration in class, I use hydrochloric acid instead of sodium hydroxide. I also tend to go more quickly because I want to achieve the demo in time for my students to see it from start to finish.
Dan's version, however, likely is safer. I'm still hopeful that he wore goggles when his face was out of frame.
In his novel Cat's Cradle, Vonnegut presents a fictional idea of ice-nine, a super-stable form of solid H2O that is able to 'infect' any sample of water with which it comes into contact. The ice-nine is so stable that it has a melting temperature of 45.8 C leading to all of the liquid water in the fictional world solidifying - which leads eventually to the end of civilization as we know it.
Ice-nine is fictional, but the two forms of ritonavir discussed in this video aren't fictional at all. Ritonavir was an incredibly important drug for HIV patients, and the useful crystalline structure of ritonavir was spontaneously replaced with a less useful polymorph and nearly destroying the drug's total production.
Along the way, the video looks at tin pest and tempered chocolate, other examples of polymorphism.
I've heard for a very long time that someday archeologists would have a field day digging into our landfills.
Now it looks like our waste is useful for more than just learning about us. It's useful for recovering trace amounts of rare earth metals.
This video begins with a look at Phoenix Tailings, a company that is trying to find rare earth metals in tailing ponds from mines around the country. If this works at scale, this could clean up massive post-mining waste dumps all around the world.
It then moves on to explore the possibility of recovering metals from acidic mine water waste like that from Berkley Pit, and the video closes with companies that are exploring how to recover metals from electronic waste (e-waste) with a look at the environmental costs and economics of all these proceses.
I'd heard that at one point the average electric car (or hybrid) is worse for the environment to produce than even a Hummer because of the energy that goes into the production of the battery. The moment the two vehicles start driving, the electric vehicle starts catching up with its Hummer competitor.
The video today doesn't necessarily get into that. It looks at the efficiency of electricity produced by power plants and compares that to how efficient a gas-powered car would need to be in order to be more efficient than an average EV in various states of the US.
I did not know that - as of this video being produced in 2018 - Colorado was the dirtiest power-generating state and that Alaska was the cleanest.
I assume the gloves are there so nobody gets cut by accident.
I would have thought that glass would be the absolute easiest material to recycle. It's effectively sand, after all. It could go into coastline; it could be remelted into new glass; it could go anywhere that sand can go.
I wouldn't have thought about the problems of weight and shipping of the recycled glass to its final, useful location.
Here's to hoping we can get all of this stuff worked out, because I'm trying to use more glass and less man-made polymers at any opportunity I get.